चालू घडामोडी - मे २०२१ (भाग 2)

युकेमधील नॅशनल हेल्थ सर्व्हिसवर https://mises.org/wire/its-time-give-britains-national-health-service हा लेख वाचला होता. या लेखात म्हटले आहे की या पध्दतीत अगदी तातडीची ट्रीटमेंट मिळणे गरजेचे असले तरी खूप वेळ थांबायला लागते. हे खरे आहे का?

उदाहरणार्थ, ट्रम्प ने भला मोठ्ठा टॅक्स कट दिला, जो श्रीमंतांसाठी अतिशय उत्तम आणि मध्यमवर्गीयांसाठी त्यामानाने अगदी छोटेशे कट होते. २५०००$ उत्पन्न असलेल्या घरांना- ६०$ सरासरी टॅक्स क्त मध्ये फायदा मिळाला.

टॅक्स कट दिला की तो डॉलरमध्ये नेहमी श्रीमंतांनाच फायदेशीर असतो कारण मुळात श्रीमंत लोक जास्त कर भरणे अपेक्षित असते*. पण टक्केवारीत तो गरीबांना फायदेशीर ठरतो. याविषयी युनिव्हर्सिटी ऑफ जॉर्जियाचे प्रा.डॉ.डेव्हिड केमरश्चेन यांनी लिहिलेले 'बिअर इकॉनॉमिक्स' पेक्षा चपखल उदाहरण दुसरे नाही. १९८० च्या दशकात रॉनाल्ड रेगन (हो सगळ्या जगातले डाव्यांना ज्यांच्याविषयी कमालीचा राग असतो तेच रेगन) अध्यक्ष असताना अशा करसवलती दिल्या होत्या. तेव्हा पण अशीच टीका केली गेली होती आणि तेव्हाही हेच उत्तर दिले गेले असेल याची खात्री आहे. अर्थात डाव्या विचारसरणीच्या लोकांना या सगळ्या गोष्टी समजत असतील किंवा समजून घ्यायच्या असतील असे वाटत नाही. Suppose that every day, ten men go out for beer and the bill for all ten comes to $100. If they paid their bill the way we pay our taxes, it would go something like this: The first four men (the poorest) would pay nothing. The fifth would pay $1. The sixth would pay $3. The seventh would pay $7. The eighth would pay $12. The ninth would pay $18. The tenth man (the richest) would pay $59. So, that’s what they decided to do. The ten men drank in the bar every day and seemed quite happy with the arrangement, until one day, the owner threw them a curve. ‘Since you are all such good customers,’ he said, ‘I’m going to reduce the cost of your daily beers by $20. Drinks for the ten now cost just $80.’ The group still wanted to pay their bill the way we pay our taxes so the first four men were unaffected. They would still drink for free. But what about the other six men – the paying customers? How could they divide the $20 windfall so that everyone would get his ‘fair share?’ They realized that $20 divided by six is $3.33. But if they subtracted that from everybody’s share, then the fifth man and the sixth man would each end up being paid to drink his beer. So, the bar owner suggested that it would be fair to reduce each man’s bill by roughly the same amount, and he proceeded to work out the amounts each should pay. And so: The fifth man, like the first four, now paid nothing (100% savings). The sixth now paid $2 instead of $3 (33%savings). The seventh now pay $5 instead of $7 (28%savings). The eighth now paid $9 instead of $12 (25% savings). The ninth now paid $14 instead of $18 (22% savings). The tenth now paid $49 instead of $59 (16% savi ng s). Each of the six was better off than before and the first four continued to drink for free, but once outside the restaurant, the men began to compare their savings. “I only got a dollar out of the $20,” declared the sixth man. He pointed to the tenth man, “but he got $10!” “Yeah, that’s right,” exclaimed the fifth man. “I only saved a dollar, too. It’s unfair that he got TEN times more than I!” “That’s true!!” shouted the seventh man. “Why should he get $10 back when I got only two? The wealthy get all the breaks!” “Wait a minute,” yelled the first four men in unison. “We didn’t get anything at all. The system exploits the poor!” The nine men surrounded the tenth and beat him up. The next night the tenth man didn’t show up for drinks, so the nine sat down and had beers without him. But when it came time to pay the bill, they discovered something very important….they didn’t have enough money between all of them for even half of the bill! And that, boys and girls, journalists and college professors, is how our tax system works. The people who pay the highest taxes get the most benefit from a tax reduction. Tax them too much, attack them for being wealthy, and they just may not show up anymore. In fact, they might start drinking overseas where the atmosphere is somewhat friendlier. David R. Kamerschen, Ph.D. Professor of Economics University of Georgia For those who understand, no explanation is needed. For those who do not understand, no explanation is possible! संदर्भः https://thebasispoint.com/beer-economics-from-university-of-ga-professo…